Sunday, December 29, 2019
The Juvenile Justice System Is The Primary System Used
The Juvenile Justice System is the primary system used to handle youth who are convicted of criminal offenses. It is just over 100 years old. Over time it has gone through several changes and its unlikely to disappear anytime soon. We as Americans are still trying to find different ways to approach juvenile justice vs. approaching it as adult justice. Throughout most of history, young adults and or children did not have a separate status between juvenile and adults. Once you reached the ages of 5 or 6, you became apart of the adult society. There was no separate system for dealing with youth offenders. In the early 1800s, problems with how to deal with youth offenders began to come about due to society going through economical†¦show more content†¦All juveniles under the age of 16 could be handled by the court. Between 1960s and the 1980s, attention and speculation began to rise about the concern of the juvenile delinquency and court system. During this time, this e ra was characterized by distinctly harsh punishments for youths. They were also wanting to focus on providing minors with due process and legal counsel in court. Even though they were trying to provide help to youth offenders, criticism during this time, focused on racial discrimination, gender disparities and discrimination towards children with mental health problems or learning disabilities. Through out the years, crime rates rose and the misrepresentation from the media began around the 1960s and went through the 1980s. Today in America, no population poses a larger threat to public safety than juvenile offenders. Juvenile justice system deal with three types of case; Delinquents, status offenders, neglected, abused or dependent youth. Over the years, many states have established family courts to deal with offenders and cases with the status of neglect. Throughout the years, there has always been some type of tension between police and young offenders. In my personal opin ion, I think this comes from the music that the youth listens to. Most state statues provide some guidance for arrest procedures. As an officer, you have the discretion in deciding when to arrest juvenile offenders.Show MoreRelatedTrying Juveniles as Adults Essay1312 Words  | 6 PagesAccording to Caldwell (1961) the juvenile justice system is based on the principle that youth are developmentally and fundamentally different from adults. According to Mack (1909) the focus of the juvenile justice system has shifted from â€Å"was the crime committed†to â€Å"why did the child commit the crime†, â€Å"how can we help the child†. When performing as it is designed and up to the initial intentions, the juvenile court balances rehabilitation (treatment) of the offender with suitable sanctions whenRead MoreThe Decision, And Impact On Today s Criminal Justice System1024 Words  | 5 Pagesregards to a juvenile right to consul. Then this learner will briefly di scuss the case, the decision, and impact on today s criminal justice system. After which, the discussion will state if source for this case is primary or secondary and what implications that may have for that case. Gerald â€Å"Jerry†Gault (case) Fifteen-year-old Gerald (Jerry) Gault, was arrested for a complaint that was made that he made a lewd telephone calls. After the court hearings that took place in front of a juvenile court judgeRead MoreJuvenile Court Essay1138 Words  | 5 PagesThe first juvenile court was established in Illinois in 1899. In the late 18th century children as young as seven could stand trial in criminal court and could be sentenced to prison or death. The perception of children was later changed and they were viewed as persons with undeveloped moral and cognitive capacities. This allowed the state of Illinois to intervene in the lives of children providing protection and care or supervision. The mission to help children in trouble was clearly stated in theRead MoreThe On The Juvenile Justice System Essay1236 Words  | 5 Pages I would request that Senator Perkins vote against the proposed amendments to the Juvenile Act. Part A Although public safety is both a legitimate and justifiable concern, the proposed changes to the purposes clause would go against the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system, rehabilitation and treatment as opposed to punishment. During the 19th century, the American legal system tended to treat juveniles who violated the criminal law much as it did adult offenders. Consequently, if courtsRead MoreThe Origins Of Juvenile Justice1385 Words  | 6 Pagesthe origins of juvenile justice, from the house of refuge to the juvenile programs of today. Ans: In the early nineteenth century, the idea of reforming youth offenders took root in the United States. The House of Refuge in New York, which opened in 1824, was the first juvenile house of reform in the United States. This was the first attempt to house juvenile offenders in a separate facility and other States, like Maryland, would soon follow suit. The idea was not to punish juveniles offenders as adultsRead MoreCompare And Contrast Juvenile Delinquency Prevention979 Words  | 4 PagesIt is a common believe that adolescents require a special system thru which be processed because they are â€Å"youth who are in a transitional stage of development†¦young offenders that are neither innocent children nor mature adults†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Nelson, 2012). Because juveniles are in a process of constant development sociologically, psychologically and physiologically, the juvenile court system focuses on alternative sentences and the creation of programs that will offer them reha bilitation instead of incarcerationRead MoreThe Punishment Of The Death Penalty1620 Words  | 7 Pagesof the death penalty for juveniles. Whether the decision was appropriate or not is still under intense debate to this day. â€Å"A primary purpose of the juvenile justice system is to hold juvenile offenders accountable for delinquent acts while providing treatment, rehabilitative services, and programs designed to prevent future involvement in law-violating behavior (Cothern, 2000)†. This research paper will focus on the history of the death penalty, the concept of juvenile offenders receiving the deathRead MoreIntroduction. Since The Early 1990S The Transfer Of Juvenile1519 Words  | 7 Pagesthe transfer of Juvenile waiver has been an enormously heavy topic on whether a juvenile is fully culpable of a crime or not. The option of juvenile waiver has been a proceeding ethical argument between the courts and the families of the juvenile. According to Forst and Blomquis t (2012), criticism involving the juvenile system began in the 1960s and expanded into the 1970s because of the soaring crime rates. The desire for juvenile waiver began with the interpretation that the System failed becauseRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words  | 6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment andRead MoreEssay on Juvenile and Adult Courts1740 Words  | 7 PagesJuvenile and Adult Courts: A Comparative Analysis Zanetta Eave, Tasha Harris, and Lee Blackmon CJA/374 July 29, 2013 Cory Kelly Introduction The â€Å"Juvenile and Adult Courts: A Comparative Analysis†paper will compare juvenile courts with adult courts. This paper will present an overview of the juvenile justice system, a point-by-point comparison between juvenile and adult courts. The adjudication process by which a juvenile is transferred to the adult court system. This paper will also discuss
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Set1 Case Study - 1612 Words
ABSTRACT Set1 functions as part of the multiprotein COMPASS complex that is responsible for the mono-, di-, and tri-methylation of the fourth lysine of histone 3 (H3K4) that regulates gene expression (Malik et al., 2010). COMPASS is mainly associated with the coding sequences of active genes (Shulatifard et al., 2009), therefore, the coding sequences of the actively transcribed genes are tri-methylated at H3K4 (Ng et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2007). In humans, the Mll1 protein has been linked to leukemia (Slany et al., 2009). Mll1 is the homolog of Set1 of S. cerevisiae strains and is important to gain understanding of Mll1 (Ziemin-van der Poel et al., 1991). Mutant S. Cerevisiae strains were assayed on synthetic complete media to observe†¦show more content†¦Histones are small, positively charged proteins that interact with negative charged phosphate backbones of DNA. Double-stranded DNA loops around 8 histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) twice, whilst forming the nucleosome, the building b lock of chromatin packaging (Van Holde et al, 1988). Histones can be modified either by acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, or ubiquitination (Van Holde et al, 1988). Modifications of the histones collectively influence the compaction of DNA, allowing transcription to recruit histone modifiers for expression or to promote compaction for gene silencing. Mixed lineage leukemia is characterized by the presence of MLL fusion proteins that are the result of chromosomal translocations affecting the MLL gene at 11q23 (Slany et al, 2009). The MLL complex promotes methylation. H3K4 methylation is universally introduced around the transcription at start site of all transcribed genes, and next to MLL1 several other confirmed or putative H3K4 methyltransferases (MLL2, MLL3, MLL5, MLL6 SET1A, SET1B, and ASH1L) have been identified in mammalian cells (Slany et al, 2009). Genes found to be activated in the presence of Mll1, code for factors involved in differentiation pathways, entirely in the development of mesodermal and ectodermal tissues or organogenesis cleotide pyrophosphatase, collagen type VI alpha 3(COL6A3), as well as, several hox genesShow MoreRelatedDrug Study on Saccharomyces Cerevisiae3371 Words  | 14 PagesIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, lysine methyltransferase Set1 protein is a member of COMPASS, a protein complex that catalyze s methyl transfer from methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine to lysine 4 of histone 3. Methylation of lysine 4 of histone 3 regulates gene expression and gene silencing. In order to develop a screen to identify important residues for silencing by Set1, single amino acid substitutions were introduced into the SET domain. Two different missense mutations were introduced to code forRead MoreFreemium Business Model21065 Words  | 85 Pages...............................................  17  2.8.  Literature  ...............................................................................................................................  17  3.  Literature  studies  ..........................................................................................................  19  3.1.  Mobile  content  consumption  ...........................................................................
Friday, December 13, 2019
New Urbanism Free Essays
Is New Urbanism really important in the development of our society or community? This question may come across to each individual who pays attention and concern to the progress of our society. According to a website name Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia it stated that â€Å"new urbanism†is an urban design movement whose popularity increased in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its goal is to bring change in all aspects of real estate development and urban planning. We will write a custom essay sample on New Urbanism or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many reasons why new urbanism is significant. According to Jacky Grimshaw on his website, it advocates the importance of new urbanism. It stated that new urbanism is important because it gives real choices for people just like transportation, location where to live and access to opportunity. New urbanist shows support to regional planning for open space, appropriate architecture and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. As we all know that United States was developed in the form of compact, mixed-used neighborhoods in the first quarter of the 20th century. A new system of development was imposed through out the nation, replacing neighborhoods with a rigorous separation of uses which was popularly known as suburban development or sprawl and was happened after the World War II. Most of the US citizens adopted the suburban or sprawl. Suburban development carries a significant price even though for a fact that it has been known. In spite of the slow population growth of the countryside, the conventional suburban development spreads out to consume large areas of countryside (See New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism#Background). *Sprawl and its Related Problems* Urban renewal has played a significant role in cities worldwide such as Saint John, New Brunswick, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Glasgow, Scotland and Bilbao, Spain, Canary Wharf, in London and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. It has had a great impact on the urban landscape and still present until to this very day. Urban renewal or new urbanism is controversial because it suggests the use of eminent domain law force reclaiming private property for civic projects (See Urban Renewal. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal). New urbanism is a reaction to sprawl (Wikipedia, free encyclopedia). Sprawl was defined as the process in which the spread of development across the landscape far outpaces population growth. The landscape sprawl makes four dimensions and these are: * A population that is widely dispersed in low density development * Rigidly separated homes, shops, and workplaces * A network of roads marked by huge blocks and poor access * And a lack of well-defined, thriving activity centers, such as town centers and downtowns.1 People live in more sprawl regions tend to drive greater distances, breathe more polluted air, own more cars, face greater risk of traffic fatalities and walk and use transit less.2 In United States, most of the Americans who live in the metropolitan live in a mono-detached homes and commute to work by automobile.3 But there is one state in United States which is considered as America’s sole urban center where important fraction of the population lives in apartment, works downtown and commutes by public transit and this state is New York.4 Even new urbanism has helped in developing our way of life; new urbanism has drawn criticism from all quarters of the political spectrum. Some environmentalists criticize new urbanism as nothing more than sprawl dressed up with superficial stylistic cues.5 These critics of new urbanism often charge it of elevating aesthetic over practicality, subordinating good city planning principles to urban design dogma.6 In addition, according to Matthew E. Khan (March 2006) that sprawl’s critiques often argue that suburbanization may offer private benefits but that it imposes social costs. This â€Å"cost of sprawl†literature posits that there are many unintended consequences of the pursuit of the â€Å"American Dream†that range from increased traffic congestion, urban air pollution, greenhouse gas revenues, and denying the urban poor access to employment opportunities (See The Benefits of Sprawl. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html).  In a research made by Anthony Downs (August 1999), he mentioned that many urban economists think these growth-related problems as caused mainly by â€Å"market failures†which means failing to charge people who benefit from sprawl the true costs of the decisions they make that contribute to sprawl. He also added that it â€Å"under-prices†those decisions and encourages over-expansion into low-density settlements. He sets three examples and these are: * failing to charge commuters a money toll for driving during peak hours to offset the time-loss burdens they impose on others in the form of congestion. * failing to charge residents of low-density suburbs the full social costs of removing land from open space and agricultural uses. * failing to charge high enough land costs for new low-density peripheral subdivisions to take account of the real costs of adding the infrastructures required to service those subdivisions (See Some Realities About Sprawl and Urban Decline. www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF). But the economists were able to make a proposal how to solve the â€Å"market failures†and these are: * Peak-hour road tolls on major commuting arteries. * A development tax on land converted from agricultural to urban uses. * Impact fees on all new developments. (See www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF). Below is the most sprawling, residential density made by Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall and Don Chen (See http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF). Centeredness Score Rank Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA                                              40.9                1 Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA                                         41.4                2 Tampa-St.Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA                                 51.9                3 West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach- FL MSA              53.9                4 Oxnard-Ventura, CA PMSA                                                         55.5                5 Oakland, CA PMSA                                                                   57.6                6 Gary-Hammond, IN PMSA                                                       61.2                7 Detroit, MI PMSA                                                                      63.0                8 Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC MSA                       69.1                9 Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA                                                    72.1               10 I think there is nothing wrong if we embrace sprawl or new urbanism concept because it helps to develop our country especially when it comes to our country’s facilities even there are related-problems arise. But taking those steps goes with responsibilities. Each individual and our government must know how to handle related-problems and find its remedies related to sprawl. References 1. Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall, and Don Chen. Measuring Sprawl and its impact. http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF. 2.  New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism 3. Matthew Khan. The Benefits of Sprawl. Tufts University, March 2006. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html. 4. Anthony Downs. Some Realities about Sprawl and Urban Decline. http://www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF. How to cite New Urbanism, Essay examples New Urbanism Free Essays Is New Urbanism really important in the development of our society or community? This question may come across to each individual who pays attention and concern to the progress of our society. According to a website name Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia it stated that â€Å"new urbanism†is an urban design movement whose popularity increased in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its goal is to bring change in all aspects of real estate development and urban planning. We will write a custom essay sample on New Urbanism or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many reasons why new urbanism is significant. According to Jacky Grimshaw on his website, it advocates the importance of new urbanism. It stated that new urbanism is important because it gives real choices for people just like transportation, location where to live and access to opportunity (See â€Å"Why is New Urbanism Important? New Urbanism 101†www.cnu.org/pdf/jacky.pdf). New urbanist shows support to regional planning for open space, appropriate architecture and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. As we all know that United States was developed in the form of compact, mixed-used neighborhoods in the first quarter of the 20th century. A new system of development was imposed through out the nation, replacing neighborhoods with a rigorous separation of uses which was popularly known as suburban development or sprawl and was happened after the World War II. Most of the US citizens adopted the suburban or sprawl. Suburban development carries a significant price even though for a fact that it has been known. In spite of the slow population growth of the countryside, the conventional suburban development spreads out to consume large areas of countryside (See New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism#Background). *Sprawl and its Related Problems* Urban renewal has played a significant role in cities worldwide such as Saint John, New Brunswick, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Glasgow, Scotland and Bilbao, Spain, Canary Wharf, in London and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. It has had a great impact on the urban landscape and still present until to this very day. Urban renewal or new urbanism is controversial because it suggests the use of eminent domain law force reclaiming private property for civic projects (See Urban Renewal. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal). New urbanism is a reaction to sprawl (Wikipedia, free encyclopedia). Sprawl was defined as the process in which the spread of development across the landscape far outpaces population growth. The landscape sprawl makes four dimensions and these are: * A population that is widely dispersed in low density development * Rigidly separated homes, shops, and workplaces * A network of roads marked by huge blocks and poor access * And a lack of well-defined, thriving activity centers, such as town centers and downtowns.1 People live in more sprawl regions tend to drive greater distances, breathe more polluted air, own more cars, face greater risk of traffic fatalities and walk and use transit less.2 1. Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall, and Don Chen. Measuring Sprawl and its impact. http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF. 2. ibid. In United States, most of the Americans who live in the metropolitan live in a mono-detached homes and commute to work by automobile.3 But there is one state in United States which is considered as America’s sole urban center where important fraction of the population lives in apartment, works downtown and commutes by public transit and this state is New York.4 Even new urbanism has helped in developing our way of life; new urbanism has drawn criticism from all quarters of the political spectrum. Some environmentalists criticize new urbanism as nothing more than sprawl dressed up with superficial stylistic cues.5 These critics of new urbanism often charge it of elevating aesthetic over practicality, subordinating good city planning principles to urban design dogma.6 In addition, according to Matthew E. Khan (March 2006) that sprawl’s critiques often argue that suburbanization may offer private benefits but that it imposes social costs. This â€Å"cost of sprawl†literature posits that there are many unintended consequences of the pursuit of the â€Å"American Dream†that range from increased traffic congestion, urban air pollution, greenhouse gas revenues, and denying the urban poor access to employment opportunities (See The Benefits of Sprawl. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html). In a research made by Anthony Downs (August 1999), he mentioned that many 3. Matthew Khan. The Benefits of Sprawl. Tufts University, March 2006. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html. 4. New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism 5. †¦ 6. ibid. urban economists think these growth-related problems as caused mainly by â€Å"market failures†which means failing to charge people who benefit from sprawl the true costs of the decisions they make that contribute to sprawl. He also added that it â€Å"under-prices†those decisions and encourages over-expansion into low-density settlements. He sets three examples and these are: * failing to charge commuters a money toll for driving during peak hours to offset the time-loss burdens they impose on others in the form of congestion. * failing to charge residents of low-density suburbs the full social costs of removing land from open space and agricultural uses. * failing to charge high enough land costs for new low-density peripheral subdivisions to take account of the real costs of adding the infrastructures required to service those subdivisions (See Some Realities About Sprawl and Urban Decline. www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF). But the economists were able to make a proposal how to solve the â€Å"market failures†and these are: * Peak-hour road tolls on major commuting arteries. * A development tax on land converted from agricultural to urban uses. * Impact fees on all new developments. (See www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF). Below is the most sprawling, residential density made by Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall and Don Chen (See http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF). Centeredness Score Rank I think there is nothing wrong if we embrace sprawl or new urbanism concept because it helps to develop our country especially when it comes to our country’s facilities even there are related-problems arise. But taking those steps goes with responsibilities. Each individual and our government must know how to handle related-problems and find its remedies related to sprawl. References 1. Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall, and Don Chen. Measuring Sprawl and its impact. http://www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF. 2.  New Urbanism. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism 3. Matthew Khan. The Benefits of Sprawl. Tufts University, March 2006. http://greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html. 4. Anthony Downs. Some Realities about Sprawl and Urban Decline. http://www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF. How to cite New Urbanism, Essay examples New Urbanism Free Essays {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} New Urbanism New Urbanism is a relatively recent architectural and social design principle to leave its mark {text:change} {text:change} on United States society. Many past contributing factors present in society {text:change} {text:change} have lead some Americans {text:change} {text:change} to call {text:change} {text:change} for the implementation of a New Urbanism way of life in recent years. After defining and {text:change} discussing exactly what New Urbanism is, I will {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} delve deeper into the movement in an attempt to uncover {text:change} {text:change} what this new movement is a response to. We will write a custom essay sample on New Urbanism or any similar topic only for you Order Now This, in turn, will help to identify some of the problems current suburbs face today. As defined by scholars, the term â€Å"New Urbanism†refers to â€Å"an intellectual movement of architects and planners that is opposed to the normative growth patterns of our society†(Gottdiener and Budd 96). Simply defined, one can think of the New Urbanism way of life as a rebellion against the way society has expanded into vast suburbs. New Urbanists do not like the concept of an automobile based suburbia. They believe that their neighborhoods should be small, taking no more time than five minutes to reach the neighborhood center {text:change} {text:change} from the boundaries of the neighborhood (Gottdiener and Budd 96). In addition, New {text:change} Urbanists believe that their societies should have a diverse selection of shops, parks, schools, and churches easily accessible to all (without an automobile) (Gottdiener and Budd 96). New Urbanists want to return to the way cities were {text:change} before American society was forever changed by the invention of the automobile. In order to achieve this objective {text:change} {text:change} , sidewalks and public transportation must connect dwellings with businesses, {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} thereby eliminating the need for daily use of the automobile as the essential means of transportation. Now that we {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} have an understanding {text:change} {text:change} of exactly what New Urbanism is, it is natural to question what led its early adopters in the 1980s to create or look favorably upon its implementation The {text:change} {text:change} roots of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the period after World War II and possibly earlier. When the automobile transitioned more from an idea {text:change} to large -scale roduction in the early 1900s, little did anybody know the widespread impact a simple transportation mechanism would have on American society. Life, as it was known then, would never be the same. Before the invention of the automobile, cities in America existed much like the neighborhood communities that {text:change} the New Urbanism movement hopes to bring back . {text:change} {text:change} As the number {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} of automobiles in society life increased, {text:change} the need for close proximity of necessary businesses and workplaces to the automobile owning family decreased . As Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk stated in their 1993 article regarding New Urbanism, â€Å"the suburbs and cities of today continue to separate the naturally integrated human activities of dwelling, working, shopping, schooling, worshiping, and recreating†(Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). The automobile has helped to separate these critical establishments from the American household. The {text:change} authors infer that the increased importance of the automobile has led to an exponential rising of the amount of funding for {text:change} roadwork {text:change} while the amount of funding for civic programs has been reduced. Civic programs are crucial to the American society, economy, and environment (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). Such a shift towards increased emphasis on funding road {text:change} {text:change} work can be seen in the recent Economic Stimulus Bill passed by Congress and the President. Over $130 billion will be spent on the improvement and building of roads and bridges, which further highlight the relative importance of {text:change} {text:change} the automobile in American society. The other main {text:change} factor that lead to {text:change} {text:change} the birth of {text:change} {text:change} the New Urbanism movement is the suburban sprawl that accompanied the end of World War II. Sprawl, as defined by M. Gottdiener and Leslie Budd, is the â€Å"’haphazard growth’ of relative low density over an extended region, with residential units dominated by {text:change} single-family homes†(Gottdiener and Budd 145). Simply stated {text:change} {text:change} , sprawl is the exodus of citizens from the city into the outlying areas. Sprawl has lead to the creation {text:change} {text:change} of residential areas without much, if any, planning. This lack of planning usually results in the {text:change} {text:change} essential components of a {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} neighborhood being located far from the residential areas. Urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl can have a tremendous {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} negative {text:change} {text:change} impact on the city neighborhoods that are left behind when citizens move to the suburbs. The {text:change} article entitled â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos†by William Julius Wilson highlights this key point when referencing a quote from Loic Wacquant, a member of the Urban Poverty and Family Life Study. Wacquant said that â€Å"residents remember a time, not so long ago, when crowds were so dense at rush hour that one had to elbow one’s way to the train station – now have the appearance of an empty, bom bed-out war zone†when referencing the Woodlawn neighborhood in Chicago (Wilson 112). This effect is something that the New Urbanism movement is {text:change} {text:change} trying to correct. By {text:change} {text:change} attempting to counteract the effects of sprawl on society, suburban residential neighborhoods can be planned into New Urbanistic neighborhoods. Many city planners and architects have already attempted to do this. Some of the most famous New Urbanistic societies are the towns of Celebration, Florida and Seaside, Florida. text:change} {text:change} It is important to remember that just because architects and planners build a New Urbanistic neighborhood, that doesn’t necessarily mean {text:change} that, the residents of that neighborhood will live in the New Urbanistic way. For example, in Celebration, Florida there has not been an increase in sociability amongst {text:change} {text:change} strangers {text:change} {text:change} despite the fact that the dwellings have porches (Gottdiener and Budd 97). Gottdiener and Budd then go on to infer that just because you place suburbanites in a New Urbanistic society, that doesn’t mean that the residents will drop their suburban-like tendencies (Gottdiener and Budd 97). New Urbanism is a fairly new ideology that is opposed to the way in which society has grown during the past century. The underlying causes behind the formation of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the invention of the automobile and the pattern of urban sprawl that took place in most, if not all, major cities around the country shortly after World War II. New Urbanism strives {text:change} {text:change} for a societal efficiency that increases social networks while decreasing the idea {text:change} {text:change} of spreading out the neighborhood. Although New Urbanism seeks to address the problems caused by this urban {text:change} {text:change} sprawl growth pattern through architecture, it will likely take more than a different architectural design to change the long ingrained {text:change} {text:change} mindset of the automobile driven suburban citizen. text:change} {text:change} {text:change} {text:change} Works Cited Duany, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. â€Å"The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor. †The City Reader. 4thEd. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. Gottdiener, M. , and Leslie Budd. Key Concepts in Urban Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc, 2005. Print. Wilson, William Julius. â€Å"From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos. †The City Reade r. 4th Ed. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY: Routledge, 2007. Print. How to cite New Urbanism, Papers
Thursday, December 5, 2019
Elements of Communication free essay sample
In any type of speech there Is seven elements Involved: Speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback Interface and situation, we will talk briefly about each one. Speaker Every communication begins with a speaker, is the person that is presenting the speech. When you talk in public normally you are not interrupted. The success of the speech depends on the credibility, knowledge of the subject, the preparation of the speech, your manner of speaking, the sensitivity to the audience and the occasion.You need more than just technical skills, you need enthusiasms, if you are enthusiastic about your subject or topic probably the audience will also get excited. Message Is what the speaker communicates to another person, can be anything. One of the goals In public speaking Is that the Intended message be the message that Is actually communicated; to achieve this you need to concentrate in two things what you say and how you say it. We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To get right the verbal message you must narrow your topic, you just do research, get your ideas in order and use the correct words to the situation, this way your audience don ;t get lost and you can convince them. Besides the verbal message you have to make sure that your posture, tone of voice, appearance are the correct ones because this will be part of the message that you are trying to send. Channel The channel Is the means by which a message Is communicated. When you give a public speech can have several channels, the channels are Important because It will effect the message received by the audience.Listener Is the person that receives the message, without someone listening the message there is no communication. Everything said by the speaker is filtered by a listener s frame of reference; this frame is never the same, thats why the meaning of the speech is never the same for the speaker and the listener. Because of the different frames the speaker needs to adapt the message to the particular audience being addressed, it needs to be audience centered and need to understand their point of IEEE and get them Involved.Feedback Most of the situation Involved two- way communication, the audience will not only absorb the message they will send back message, these are called feedback. Is what able to deal with it. Interference Is anything that interrupt with the communication, there is two kind of interference, external and internal, the first come from the outside of the audience mean while the second is from the audience. Situation The time and the place which the speech communication occurs.
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